Anemia is often due to iron deficiency which is caused by insufficient dietary intake or poor absorption of iron to replace losses. Iron deficiency anemia has a negative impact on physical work capacity, cognitive performance and resistance to infection. The World Health Organization recognizes anemia as a widespread public health problem having major consequences on health as well as on social and economical development. The prevalence of anemia in Aboriginal children in Canada is eight times higher than among similar non-aboriginal populations in Canada and is especially high among Inuit children. Until now, the prevalence of anemia in Nunavik women was unknown, however it was suspected that similar results existed. In recent decades, important changes in lifestyle habits and dietary...
Santé des Autochtones
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9 janvier 2008
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9 janvier 2008
Hearing loss
Hearing problems are widespread in Nunavik with one quarter of adults having hearing loss in both ears. Men have three times more hearing loss than women (36% vs. 12%) and these problems are found to increase with age; more than half the adults over age 45 suffer from a hearing loss in both ears. Prevalence of hearing disability (as defined by World Health Organization) was 7.6% in Nunavik in 2004, which is one of the highest of the regions of the world surveyed to date.
Comparing men and women, hearing ability is similar in the youngest age group, but at age 30-44, men already show a greater deficiency compared to women. In the oldest age group (45 and over), three out of four men suffered bilateral hearing impairment compared to one out...
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9 janvier 2008
Tobacco smoke contains many toxic substances. It affects the health of smokers and of non-smokers exposed to it and increases the risks of certain types of cancers and respiratory diseases. Tobacco products are highly addictive and can cause the premature death of smokers.
The 1992 Inuit health survey revealed an important proportion of smokers. Tobacco use was measured again in the 2004 survey. In the latter survey, all participants aged 15 years and over were questioned about smoking.
The results from the Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2004 show that more than three quarters of the participants surveyed smoked daily or occasionally, compared to one quarter of residents of the southern populations of Quebec and Canada. The proportions of smokers reported in the 2004...
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9 janvier 2008
The activities of hunting, fishing and collection of resources from the land and sea are of central importance to the health of Inuit in Nunavik. For approximately twenty years now, confidence in these resources and Inuit access to them have been threatened by reports of environmental contaminants in wildlife, social and economic trends influencing the time available to hunt and fish, and more recently, reports of climate change and variability and influences on the availability and accessibility of wildlife resources. This summary focuses on the information on these issues contained in the Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2004.
Country foods, and the activities (hunting and fishing) to collect, distribute and prepare them for consumption, are still important aspects of everyday...
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9 janvier 2008
Activité physique
Les exigences physiques associées aux activités quotidiennes ont passablement diminué au cours du 20e siècle, particulièrement dans les pays industrialisés, et ce phénomène n’a pas épargné les populations autochtones vivant dans ces régions du monde. Comme pour l’ensemble de la population, l’activité physique de loisir devient ainsi une avenue importante pour le maintien d’un niveau souhaitable d’activité physique.
Une vaste majorité de la population du Nunavik, particulièrement chez les femmes, est sédentaire durant ses temps libres, et cela quel que soit l’âge (15 à 17 ans : 59 % et 18 ans et plus : 69 %). C’est moins d’une personne sur sept (14 %) chez les 15 à 17 ans, et une sur cinq (18 %) chez les 18 ans et plus, qui atteint le...
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9 janvier 2008
The Inuit of Nunavik are exposed to metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are carried from southern to northern latitudes by oceanic and atmospheric transport and biomagnified in Arctic food webs. As the Inuit traditional diet comprises large amounts of tissues from marine mammals, fish and terrestrial wild game, the Inuit are more exposed to these contaminants than populations living in southern regions. The traditional suite of legacy POPs comprises polychlorinated dibenzo p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides whereas emerging POPs include perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), halogenated phenolic compounds (HPCs) and brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)....
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9 janvier 2008
Notions of mental health and wellness depend on core cultural values. For Inuit, these include respect and care for others in the extended family and community as well as for the land, animals and the environment. Inuit understanding of the healthy person gives importance both to self-sufficiency and to interdependence. Healthy individuals show resilience in their ability to solve problems through innovation and resourcefulness and in their ability to work together with others for a common cause.
There is wide recognition that certain mental health problems have increased in Nunavik in recent years, most evident in the high prevalence of suicide among youth, and many people link this directly to the impact of sedentarization, economic and political marginalization, and the...
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9 janvier 2008
Les premières études d’observation ont présenté les Inuits comme une population bien protégée contre les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) affectant les pays développés. Or, étant donné l’abandon du style de vie traditionnel et la prévalence élevée de certains facteurs de risque (tels que le tabac, 73 % et l’obésité, 19 %), les conclusions de l’enquête Santé Québec de 1992 menée auprès de la population inuite du Nunavik anticipaient une augmentation des MCV. Douze ans plus tard, l’Enquête de santé auprès des Inuits du Nunavik 2004 dresse un nouveau portrait de la santé de cette population afin de déterminer, entre autres, la prévalence des MCV et du diabète, ainsi que les facteurs de risque qui y sont associés, et d’évaluer l’évolution de ces résultats depuis 1992.
Au total,...
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9 janvier 2008
Perte auditive
Les problèmes auditifs sont relativement fréquents au Nunavik; le quart des adultes de la région présentent en effet une perte auditive dans les deux oreilles. Les hommes sont trois fois plus affectés que les femmes (36 % vs 12 %), et ces problèmes augmentent avec l’âge; plus de la moitié des adultes de 45 ans et plus souffrent d’une perte auditive dans les deux oreilles. La prévalence des déficiences auditives (telles que définies par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé) était de 7,6 % au Nunavik en 2004, soit l’une des plus élevées parmi les régions du monde examinées à ce jour.
Lorsqu’on compare les hommes et les femmes, l’audition est semblable dans les groupes d’âge plus jeunes, mais à l’âge de 30 à 44 ans, les hommes affichent déjà...
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9 janvier 2008
Alcohol and drug use
The Nunavik Inuit Health Survey, conducted throughout the 14 communities of Nunavik in autumn 2004, provides an update of the alcohol and drug use descriptive profile of the population aged 15 and over and identifies the sociodemographic characteristics associated with substance use.
In Nunavik in 2004, the proportion of drinkers was 77%, which is lower than the rate observed in Canada and in Quebec. This rate, however, represents an increase of almost 17% in Nunavik compared with 1992. Globally, the prevalence of drinkers is higher among participants under the age of 45, who are more educated, who have a job and who live in a community that permits the sale of alcohol.
Heavy drinking (five drinks or more on a single...
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