Recommendations

The committee of experts ultimately recommended one instrument for each category of impact under study. Other instruments and tools that can be useful to assess certain post-disaster impacts from surveys are also proposed. Table 8 summarizes the final recommendations. The sections below provide details of the recommendations. Information sheets that indicate copyright and the interpretation of the score for each of the recommended standardized instruments are available in section 6.2. Questionnaires in the public domain are found in section 6.3.

Table 8 - Summary of recommended instruments or tools to be used in population-based surveys
Mental health status, determinants and possible consequences	Recommended measurement instruments or tools	Other useful instruments or tools
Anxiety symptoms	Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 items (GAD‑7)	Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) – volet « anxiété généralisée »
Depressive symptoms	Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 items (PHQ‑9)	Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (CES‑D) Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) – “Major depression episode” section
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms	Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES‑R) Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES)	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‑IV (PCL‑S; PCL‑C; PCL‑M) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‑5 (PCL‑5) Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) – volet « trouble de stress post-traumatique »
Psychological distress	Kessler Psychological Distress Scale – 6 items (K6)	N/A
Immediate impact of the trauma	Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) Peritraumatic Distress Inventory – Child (PDI‑C)	Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ)
Well-being	World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO‑5)	Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC‑SF) “Satisfaction with his/her life” question (in CCHS) “General health” module (in CCHS)
Functioning and disability	World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0)	Social functioning questionnaire (SFQ) « Activités of daily living” module (in CCHS) “Restriction of activities” module (in CCHS) “Health utility index” module (in CCHS)
Quality of life	World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL‑BREF)	EuroQol-5-Dimension (EQ‑5D‑5L incluant le EQ‑VAS) SF‑12v2 Health Survey
Social support	Social Provisions Scale – 10 items (SPS‑10)	N/A
Alcohol use	Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)	CAGE Questionnaire Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents (DEP-ADO) “Alcohol use” module in (CCHS)
Drug use	Drug Abuse Screening Test – 10 items (DAST‑10)	Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents (DEP-ADO) “Illicit drug use” or “Substance use” module (in CCHS)
Medication use	“Medication use” module (in CCHS)2015-2016)	“Medication use related to mental health problems” module (in CCHS – MH 2012)
Use of mental health services	“Consultations about mental health” module (in CCHS)	“Mental health services” module (in CCHS – MH 2012)

NA : non admissible.

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