Alcohol use

Name of the instrument

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

Abbreviation

AUDIT

Number of items

10

Terms of use

Public domain. The source must be mentioned (Saunders et al., 1993).

Language

English, French.

Data collection method

Self-report questionnaire, in hard copy, in person or by telephone.

Target population

Adolescents and adults

Interpretation of the results and thresholds

• This instrument’s 10 items are ranked on a five-level scale for most questions. The maximum total score is 40.
• A total score can be calculated but the threshold varies considerably in the studies. The threshold of 8 is generally used to identify individuals at risk of experiencing alcohol-related problems. Certain studies calculate sub-scores since the total score is largely affected by the first three items, i.e. one score for alcohol abuse (items 1 to 3), another score for dependence (items 4 to 6) and another score for pathological consumption (items 7 to 10). Studies also occasionally use lower thresholds for women.

Is the questionnaire available in the toolkit?

Yes, see Questionnaire 19.

Other versions

The AUDIT-C is a shorter version and contains only the first three items from the long version (AUDIT).

References

• Audit Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. (s.d.). Using audit, download audit, resources. Repéré à http://auditscreen.org/
• Barbor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B. et Monteiro, M. G. (2001). The alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary care (Second Edition). Genève : Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Repéré à http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67205/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf
• Bradley, K. A., Boyd-Wickizer, J., Powell, S. H. et Burman, M. L. (1998). Alcohol screening questionnaires in women: a critical review. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(2), 166-171.
• Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R. et Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction, 88(6), 791-804.

Name of the instrument

Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener Questionnaire

Abbreviation

CAGE Questionnaire (or DETA, in French)

Number of items

4

Terms of use

Public domain. The source must be mentioned (Ewing et al., 1984).

Language

English, French.

Data collection method

Self-report questionnaire, in hard copy, in person or by telephone.

Target population

Adultes.

Interpretation of the results and thresholds

This instrument’s four items are ranked on a dichotomous scale. The maximum total score is 4. A score of 2 or more is deemed clinically significant. Consequently, the probability of alcohol abuse or dependence appears to be high.

Is the questionnaire available in the toolkit?

Yes, see Questionnaire 20.

Other versions

The four-item CAGE-AID (CAGE Questionnaire – Adapted to include drugs) simultaneously screens alcohol- and drug-related problems.

References

• Dhalla, S. et Kopec, J. A. (2007). The CAGE questionnaire for alcohol misuse: a review of reliability and validity studies. Clinical And Investigative Medicine. 30(1), 33-41.
• Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE Questionnaire. Journal of the American Medical Association, 252(14), 1905-1907.

Name of the instrument

Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents

Abbreviation

DEP-ADO

Number of items

27

Terms of use

Public domain. The questionnaire can be used provided that the source is mentioned (Recherche et intervention sur les substances psychoatives – Québec, 2016).

Language

English, French.

Data collection method

Questionnaire with an intervener or self-report. Can be filled out in hard copy, in person or by telephone.

Target population

Adolescents 12 to 17 years of age.

Interpretation of the results and thresholds

• This instrument measures alcohol and drug problems. A total score must be calculated according to the scoring grid. A total score of 0 to 13 points (green light) appears to indicate the absence of an obvious problem and that the adolescent does not appear to require intervention.
• A total score of 14 to 19 points (yellow light) appears to indicate adolescents who might have a developing alcohol or drug problem. Intervention might be desirable.
• A score of 20 points or more (red light) appears to indicate an obvious alcohol or drug problem and specialized intervention seems necessary.

Is the questionnaire available in the toolkit?

No, since it is frequently updated: https://oraprdnt.uqtr.uquebec.ca/pls/public/docs/
GSC4242/F1775629324_DEP_ADO_fr_V3.2a_2013.pdf

References

• Landry, M., Brunelle, N., Tremblay, J. et Desjardins, L. (2005). L’utilisation de la DEP-ADO dans l’intervention et les enquêtes : questions éthiques et méthodologiques. RISQ_INFO, 13(1), 3-5.
• Lécallier, D., Hadj-Slimane, F., Landry, M., Bristol-Gauzy, P., Cordoliani, C., Grélois, M., … Michaud, P. (2012). Screening, referring and counseling of adolescents for substance abuse. A randomized controlled study on 2120 students. Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 41(9 Pt 1), e411-e419.
• Recherche et intervention sur les substances psychoatives – Québec. (2016). DEP-ADO – Grille de dépistage de consommation problématique d’alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents et les adolescentes (version 3.3 – juin 2016). Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Repéré à https://oraprdnt.uqtr.uquebec.ca/pls/public/gscw030?owa_no_site=4242&owa_no_fiche=52