Nosocomial infection

Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are bacteria frequently encountered in clinical settings, both as normal flora and as pathogens in a variety of infections.

The use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of various resistance mechanisms and some of these bacteria are now resistant to several classes of antibiotics.

This document was created to help healthcare-associated infection prevention and control (IPC) teams identify major multidrug-resistant. Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-…

From April 1^st, 2016, to March 31^st, 2017, 48 hemodialysis units took part in the surveillance of vascular access–related bloodstream infections (VARBSIs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients, for a combined total of 57,570 patient-periods (Table 1). Participating units reported 127 VARBSIs in 120 patients. Patient-periods involving a fistula account for 40.7% of patient-periods. The VARBSI incidence rate is 0.06 cases per 100…

From April 1^st, 2016, to March 31^st, 2017, 69 intensive care units (ICUs) took part in surveillance of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), for a combined total of 135,114 catheter days (Table 1). Participating ICUs report 133 CLABSIs in 125 patients. Incidence rates are 0.91 per 1,000 catheter days in coronary ICUs, 0.62 in teaching adult ICUs, 0.46 in non-teaching adult ICUs, 2.16 in pediatric ICUs and…

From April 1^st, 2016, to March 31^st, 2017, 89 healthcare facilities took part in the hospital-wide surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs), for a combined total of 4,830,348 patient days (Table 1). Participating facilities reported 3,167 BSIs in 2,982 patients. The total incidence rate was 5.43 cases per 10,000 patient days. The incidence rate in 2016–2017 is stable compared with the average rate for 2012–2016…

From April 1^st, 2016 to March 31^st, 2017, 95 healthcare facilities participated in the Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD) surveillance program, for a combined total of 5,022,104 patient days (Table 1). These participating facilities reported 2,330 healthcare-associated CDAD (HA-CDAD), either acquired during a current or previous hospitalization (categories 1a and 1b). The HA-CDAD incidence rate was 4.64 …

From April 1^st, 2016, to March 31^st, 2017, 82 healthcare facilities took part in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Gram negative bacilli (CPGNB) infections, for a total of 4,448,999 patient days (Table 1). These facilities reported 17 healthcare-associated CPGNB (HA-CPGNB) infections among patients who acquired their strain during a current or previous hospitalization (categories 1a and 1b). The incidence rate of HA-CPGNB infection was 0.04 per 10,000 patient…

From April 1^st, 2016 to March 31^st, 2017, 89 healthcare facilities took part in the surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections, for a combined total of 4,827,659 patient days (Table 1). These facilities reported 44 healthcare-associated VRE (HA-VRE) infections, either acquired during a current or previous hospitalization (categories 1a and 1b). The HA-VRE infection rate was 0.09 per 10,000 patient days. This incidence rate was down from 2015…

From April 1^st, 2016 to March 31^st, 2017, 89 healthcare facilities participated in the surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections, for a combined total of 4,835,605 patient days (Table 1). Together, these facilities reported 66 cases of healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infections (HA-MRSA-BSI) acquired during a current or previous hospitalization (categories 1a and 1b…