Synthesis and summary

Écrit synthétisant ou résumant une production scientifique (de l'INSPQ ou d'ailleurs) et dans lequel les connaissances scientifiques sont adaptées de manière à les rendre accessibles et compréhensibles à des publics généraux ou spécialisés.

  • January-19-21
    Les troubles musculo-squelettiques liés au travail : un fardeau humain et économique évitable
    Lentzkie M.E. Sanon, Susan Stock

    Depuis 40 ans, le visage du travail au Québec a changé. Au Québec, les secteurs non priorisés pour la prévention, tels que les services et des commerces, rassemblent 75 % de l’ensemble de la main-d’œuvre québécoise et 85 % de la main-d’œuvre féminine.

    Un travailleur québécois sur quatre rapporte des TMS importants au cours d’un an. 

    La grande majorité des travailleurs touchés par les TMS œuvre dans des secteurs non prioritaires et n’a pas accès aux mécanismes de prévention prévus par la loi actuelle.

    Certains groupes sont plus atteints par les TMS : les femmes, les immigrants, les travailleurs de professions manuelles et les personnes de faible revenu.

    Les TMS sont évitables par :

    • Une meilleure connaissance des conditions de travail y...
  • December-21-20
    Policy Approaches to Reducing Health Inequalities: Social Determinants of Health and Social Determinants of Health Inequalities
    Val Morrison

    “The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born,grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics” (World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health [CSDH WHO], 2016).

    “The underlying social structures and processes that systematically assign people to different social positions and distribute the social determinants of health unequally in society are the social determinants of health inequities” (VicHealth, 2015, p. 6).

    This paper is part of a series of short documents based on the longer Briefing Note, Policy Approaches to Reducing Health...

  • December-21-20
    Policy Approaches to Reducing Health Inequalities
    Pascale Mantoura, Val Morrison

    This document is intended to enable public health actors to more easily distinguish between the most widespread policy approaches that have been proposed to reduce health inequalities. The approaches that we will discuss are:

    • Political economy,
    • Macro social policies,
    • Intersectionality,
    • Life course approach,
    • Settings approach,
    • Approaches that aim at living conditions,
    • Approaches that target communities, and
    • Approaches aimed at individuals.

    Health inequalities1 are understood to be unfair and systematic differences in health among and between social groups – differences which need to be addressed through action. These result from social and political circumstances...

  • December-21-20
    Health Inequalities and Intersectionality
    Val Morrison

    Intersectionality is a way to think about and act upon social inequality and discrimination. It offers a promising approach to these issues within public policy and within public health. This briefing note briefly explains intersectionality and explores the potential of an intersectional approach to reducing health inequalities.1

    Work in the field of public health has recognized for some time that the social location2 of groups and individuals has a significant impact on health. When health outcomes are compared by income, gender, race or education, to name just a few, a picture emerges that clearly shows that these factors play key roles in determining health and well-being. People living in poverty, for example, have...

  • December-21-20
    Introduction to Public Health Ethics 2: Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
    Marjorie MacDonald

    In this second1 of three briefing notes2 on public health ethics, we provide an overview of various philosophical and theoretical perspectives that have informed the development, evolution, and application of public health ethics throughout its short history. We believe it is important for public health practitioners to understand these ideas because they inform, either explicitly or implicitly, ethical decision making in public health practice. They also provide a foundation for the public health ethics frameworks that are presented and discussed in our third briefing note.3 

    A broad range of ethical and political philosophies and theories have been used to provide justification for...

  • December-21-20
    The Principle of Reciprocity: How Can it Inform Public Health and Healthy Public Policies? – Summary
    Michael Keeling, Olivier Bellefleur

    This paper provides a very short summary of a longer paper of the same name. The longer work, including full references, is available online at:
    http://www.ncchpp.ca/docs/2014_Ethique_Reciprocity_En.pdf.

    Whether considered as a value or formulated as a principle to guide actions, reciprocity is commonly appealed to in public health to help ensure that certain obligations due to others – or to be expected from others – may be taken into account and acted upon by public authorities or by individuals. It is one of the values commonly considered when applying an ethical lens to decisions and actions linked to public health or healthy public policies.

    Reciprocity can be applied in the ethics of...

  • December-18-20
    Understanding Public Policy Agenda Setting Using the 4 P’s Model: Power, Perception, Potency and Proximity
    Maroine Bendaoud

    This briefing note belongs to a series on the various models used in political science to represent public policy development processes. Note that the purpose of these briefing notes is not to refine an existing model. Our purpose is rather to suggest how each of these models constitutes a useful interpretive lens that can guide reflection and action leading to the production of healthy public policies.

    In addition to the news or to unforeseen events that may arise daily, policy makers have to grapple with a multiplicity of evolving demands coming from numerous actors on all sides. These unfolding events and ongoing demands all compete for their attention and struggle to get placed on the government agenda. However, given a context of limited resources (cognitive, financial,...

  • December-18-20
    Comprendre la mise à l’agenda en politiques publiques avec le modèle des 4 p : pouvoir, perception, puissance et proximité
    Maroine Bendaoud

    La présente note documentaire fait partie d’une série portant sur les différents modèles utilisés en science politique pour représenter les processus de développement des politiques publiques. Soulignons que le but de ces notes n’est pas de raffiner un modèle existant. Notre propos consiste plutôt à suggérer comment chacun de ces modèles peut constituer autant de grilles de lecture utiles pour soutenir les réflexions et l’action autour de la production de politiques publiques favorables à la santé.

    Outre les nouvelles ou événements imprévus qui surviennent quotidiennement, les décideurs politiques doivent composer avec de multiples demandes de la part de nombreux acteurs évoluant autour d’eux. Ces aléas et ces demandes constituent autant d’enjeux qui entrent en compétition pour...

  • November-17-20
    Selected Tools to Facilitate the Integration of Health in All Policies
    Louise St-Pierre

    The intent of this briefing note is to introduce some tools developed in recent years to facilitate the integration of health issues into the decision-making processes of sectors whose primary concern is not population health. It is not the product of a comprehensive review of the various support instruments for health-related decision making, but rather a review of tools associated with the HiAP approach that have been the subject of publications. Most of them are aimed at the municipal decision-making level and are mainly intended for use in urban areas.

    The scope of the health determinants considered by each of these tools varies. Some, such as rapid HIA, the Health Matrix and the health lens approach, are more holistic and apply to all types of policies. Thus, they are...

  • November-17-20
    Series on Integrated Impact Assessment (IIA): 1-Overall situation and clarification of concepts
    Louise St-Pierre, Jean-Sébastien Marchand

    Integrated Impact Assessment (IIA) is a decision-support mechanism increasingly being considered by public administrations in industrialized countries. This first note in the series briefly defines IIA and describes its origins. Then it provides an overview of the current state of practice, and presents the main findings that emerge from this overview. In addition, it clarifies certain concepts related to the practice of IIA. Indeed, given that IIA is still in its early stages and that it emerged from several schools of thought, it seems useful to closely examine the concepts underlying this type of impact assessment in order to inform the reader and remove any ambiguities about it.

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